OVERVIEW
What is a hernia?
A hernia happens when an internal part of the body, usually part of the bowel or a piece of fatty tissue pushes through a weakness in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue wall. This weakness may be present from birth, may develop gradually with age, or may follow previous surgery, heavy lifting or persistent straining. The result is often a soft, visible lump that becomes more noticeable when standing, coughing or exerting effort, and which may ease or disappear when lying down. Hernias are extremely common, affecting people of all ages and both sexes, though certain types, such as inguinal hernias, are considerably more frequent in men. While most hernias are not immediately dangerous, they do not resolve without treatment and typically enlarge gradually over time, which is why an assessment is recommended as soon as a lump or discomfort is noticed, even if symptoms are currently mild.
Symptoms to look out for
- A visible bulge or lump in the abdomen or groin
- Aching or discomfort when bending or lifting
- A dragging or heavy sensation in the area
- Discomfort that eases when lying down
Causes & risk factors
- Straining, heavy lifting or persistent coughing
- Weakening of the muscle wall with age
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Being overweight, or pregnancy
TREATMENT OPTIONS
How a hernia can be treated
01
Watchful monitoring
Small, painless hernias may simply be monitored, with advice on symptoms to watch for.
02
Keyhole repair
Laparoscopic repair through small incisions, often allowing a quicker return to activity.
03
Open repair
A single incision to reinforce the area with a soft mesh for a durable, lasting repair.
When should you seek advice?
If a hernia becomes painful, grows larger or cannot be pushed back, seek advice promptly Mr Woodward offers assessment within 48 hours.
Common questions about hernias
Are hernias dangerous?
Most hernias are not dangerous, but they should be assessed as they can enlarge over time and occasionally lead to complications.
Can a hernia heal without surgery?
A hernia will not heal by itself, though small, symptom-free hernias may sometimes be safely monitored rather than operated on straight away.
How soon can I return to work?
Many patients return to desk-based work within a week or two, while physical jobs may need three to four weeks, depending on the repair performed.